The warrior class responsible for the city’s defense and security.
Plato also provides a psychological and political analysis of how states decline. He ranks five types of government from best to worst:
The dialogue begins with a search for a definition of justice. Socrates rejects traditional views—such as returning what is owed or helping friends while harming enemies—and instead argues that . In his view, a just individual is one whose soul is balanced, mirroring the structure of a just state. The Three Classes of the Ideal State Platon - Devlet
The philosopher is the one who breaks free, exits the cave, and sees the sun (the truth).
To define justice on a larger scale, Plato describes a hypothetical city divided into three distinct classes, each corresponding to a part of the human soul: The warrior class responsible for the city’s defense
A state is "just" when each class performs its specific function without interfering with the others. The Role of Education and the "Cave"
The philosopher’s duty is to return to the cave to guide others, even though they may be met with resistance. The Decay of Regimes To define justice on a larger scale, Plato
Farmers, artisans, and merchants who provide for the city's physical needs.