Paternity Testing -

: Kits are available for personal use, but because there is no verified identity chain, results are not admissible in court . Common Uses and Benefits

: Includes amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) , which collect samples directly from the womb but carry a small risk of miscarriage. Legal vs. Personal Tests : paternity testing

: The most common method uses a buccal (cheek) swab to collect epithelial cells. While blood samples are also accurate, swabs are preferred for being painless and easier to transport. : Kits are available for personal use, but

Testing can be categorized by timing and the intended use of the results: Personal Tests : : The most common method

: Analyzes fetal DNA found in the mother's blood; can be done as early as the 7th or 8th week .

: Requires a strict "chain of custody," where an unbiased third party verifies identities and supervises collection. These are admissible in court for matters like child support or custody.

: Specialists compare the patterns between the child and the potential father to calculate the "probability of paternity". Types of Paternity Tests