: This study published in the Journal on Arts analyzes how the film uses the protagonist's disfigurement and universal fears to portray an incomplete, confusing reality.

: Analysis frequently centers on César’s journey from a handsome, shallow man to a disfigured outcast, often drawing parallels to Jekyll and Hyde or Eyes Without a Face .

: Published in Bulletin of Hispanic Studies , this abstract delves into the film's "relativeization of time" and the Freudian concept of "day residue," arguing that nearly the entire film can be interpreted as a dream or nightmare.

: This comparative paper from Rupkatha Journal applies the "forking paths" concept to both the original and its American remake, Vanilla Sky . It explores how the film constructs multiple levels of reality through cryogenics and virtual reality.

: Critics note Amenábar’s homage to Alfred Hitchcock, specifically Vertigo , in how identities merge and obsession drives the plot. The Forking Paths of Open Your Eyes and Vanilla Sky