: A taksim usually consists of several sections. It starts by exploring the main notes of the makam , modulates briefly to related modes to create tension, and invariably returns to the original mode at the end.

is a foundational form of instrumental improvisation in Turkish classical (Ottoman) music, performed on the kanun —a trapezoidal plucked zither.

While it sounds free and spontaneous, a taksim follows strict rules defined by the (melodic mode) system, serving as both a technical showcase and a spiritual introduction to a musical suite. The Role of Taksim in Turkish Music

: Unlike most Western music, a taksim is generally "unmeasured," meaning it has no fixed beat or time signature, allowing the performer to follow their emotional flow. The Instrument: Turkish vs. Arabic Kanun