When melt velocity significantly exceeds the welding speed, the weld groove cannot be filled instantly. This causes the melt stream to deflect upwards, initiating a hump.
Researchers have developed several features and strategies to prevent or manage humping: humping
In the context of industrial manufacturing, is a specific surface defect where periodic, bead-like protuberances (humps) form along a weld seam or a 3D-printed track. This occurs when high-speed processes, such as laser powder bed fusion or arc welding, exceed certain velocity and power thresholds. How Humping Develops When melt velocity significantly exceeds the welding speed,
Humping is primarily driven by fluid dynamics and thermal instabilities within the molten pool: humping