Coyotaje -

: Migrants face extreme environmental hazards, including dehydration, exhaustion, and violence from both smugglers and authorities in militarized border zones.

: While some data suggests smuggling and drug trafficking are separate businesses, a significant percentage of smugglers are either forced into or voluntarily work for organized crime , which can lead to the kidnapping and exploitation of migrants. Coyotaje

The practice is deeply embedded in the borderlands, carrying significant cultural and literary weight. : Authors like Javier Zamora use the motif

: Authors like Javier Zamora use the motif of "Looking at a Coyote" to explore the harsh realities and emotional toll of the migration journey, often mimicking the rhythm of footsteps in their writing to evoke the physical act of crossing. : Migrants face extreme environmental hazards

: Modern smugglers increasingly use social media platforms like TikTok and Facebook to advertise "guaranteed" trips, often using simple videos to build trust with potential customers.

While some "coyotes" may be viewed as helpers within their communities, the industry is frequently linked to organized crime and severe risks.