: Today, the president wields immense power over national security and economic policy, often justifying this expansion as necessary for effective governance in a complex world.

: Originally, Congress was the dominant branch, but the executive and legislative branches reached more equal footing over time.

: Using the "bully pulpit" to influence Congress and the public. 3. Historical Evolution

Alexander Hamilton argued that a "vigorous" and "energetic" executive is essential for a steady administration of laws and national security.

: Having one person in charge makes it clear who to blame or praise, preventing finger-pointing between multiple executives. 2. Formal vs. Informal Powers

: Explicitly stated in Article II of the Constitution (e.g., the power to veto, appoint federal judges, and serve as Commander-in-Chief).

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