The internet and digital services were in a stage of rapid, formative growth.
: This period marked the transition from mass "one-way" communication to interactive and customized digital marketing , driven by the rise of web-based social activities. 09.01.2001
: International focus was largely on consolidating the end of the Cold War and managing internal domestic issues in the U.S. and Russia, unaware of the imminent shift toward the Global War on Terror. The internet and digital services were in a